3,341 research outputs found
A statistical mechanics model for free-for-all airplane passenger boarding
I present and discuss a model for the free-for-all passenger boarding which
is employed by some discount air carriers. The model is based on the principles
of statistical mechanics where each seat in the aircraft has an associated
energy which reflects the preferences of the population of air travelers. As
each passenger enters the airplane they select their seats using Boltzmann
statistics, proceed to that location, load their luggage, sit down, and the
partition function seen by remaining passengers is modified to reflect this
fact. I discuss the various model parameters and make qualitative comparisons
of this passenger boarding model with models which involve assigned seats. This
model can also be used to predict the probability that certain seats will be
occupied at different times during the boarding process. These results may be
of value to industry professionals as a useful description of this boarding
method. However, it also has significant value as a pedagogical tool since it
is a relatively unusual application of undergraduate level physics and it
describes a situation with which many students and faculty may be familiar.Comment: version 1: 4 pages 2 figures version 2: 7 pages with 5 figure
Dipole Excitation of Dipositronium
The energy interval between the ground and the P-wave excited states of the
recently discovered positronium molecule Ps_2 is evaluated, including the
relativistic and the leading logarithmic radiative corrections, E_P-E_S = 0.181
586 7(8) a.u. The P-state, decaying usually via annihilation, is found to decay
into the ground state by an electric dipole transition 19 percent of the time.
Anticipated observation of this transition will provide insight into this
exotic system.Comment: 5 page
Controlled nanochannel lattice formation utilizing prepatterned substrates
Solid substrates can be endued with self-organized regular stripe patterns of
nanoscopic lengthscale by Langmuir-Blodgett transfer of organic monolayers.
Here we consider the effect of periodically prepatterned substrates on this
process of pattern formation. It leads to a time periodic forcing of the
oscillatory behavior at the meniscus. Utilizing higher order synchronization
with this forcing, complex periodic patterns of predefined wavelength can be
created. The dependence of the synchronization on the amplitude and the
wavelength of the wetting contrast is investigated in one and two spatial
dimensions and the resulting patterns are discussed. Furthermore, the effect of
prepatterned substrates on the pattern selection process is investigated
Extended Hylleraas three-electron integral
A closed form expression for the three-electron Hylleraas integral involving
the inverse quadratic power of one inter-particle coordinate is obtained, and
recursion relations are derived for positive powers of other coordinates. This
result is suited for high precision calculations of relativistic effects in
lithium and light lithium-like ions.Comment: Submited to Phys. Rev.
Dynamics of a thin liquid film with surface rigidity and spontaneous curvature
The effect of rigid surfaces on the dynamics of thin liquid films which are
amenable to the lubrication approximation is considered. It is shown that the
Helfrich energy of the layer gives rise to additional terms in the
time-evolution equations of the liquid film. The dynamics is found to depend on
the absolute value of the spontaneous curvature, irrespective of its sign. Due
to the additional terms, a novel finite wavelength instability of flat rigid
interfaces can be observed. Furthermore, the dependence of the shape of a
droplet on the bending rigidity as well as on the spontaneous curvature is
discussed.Comment: 4 pages, 5 figure
Lower Bounds on Mutual Information
We correct claims about lower bounds on mutual information (MI) between
real-valued random variables made in A. Kraskov {\it et al.}, Phys. Rev. E {\bf
69}, 066138 (2004). We show that non-trivial lower bounds on MI in terms of
linear correlations depend on the marginal (single variable) distributions.
This is so in spite of the invariance of MI under reparametrizations, because
linear correlations are not invariant under them. The simplest bounds are
obtained for Gaussians, but the most interesting ones for practical purposes
are obtained for uniform marginal distributions. The latter can be enforced in
general by using the ranks of the individual variables instead of their actual
values, in which case one obtains bounds on MI in terms of Spearman correlation
coefficients. We show with gene expression data that these bounds are in
general non-trivial, and the degree of their (non-)saturation yields valuable
insight.Comment: 4 page
Using Josephson junctions to determine the pairing state of superconductors without crystal inversion symmetry
Theoretical studies of a planar tunnel junction between two superconductors
with antisymmetric spin-orbit coupling are presented. The half-space Green's
function for such a superconductor is determined. This is then used to derive
expressions for the dissipative current and the Josephson current of the
junction. Numerical results are presented in the case of the Rashba spin-orbit
coupling, relevant to the much studied compound CePtSi. Current-voltage
diagrams, differential conductance and the critical Josephson current are
presented for different crystallographic orientations and different weights of
singlet and triplet components of the pairing state. The main conclusion is
that Josephson junctions with different crystallographic orientations may
provide a direct connection between unconventional pairing in superconductors
of this kind and the absence of inversion symmetry in the crystal.Comment: 16 pages, 10 figure
Solid-fluid transition in a granular shear flow
The rheology of a granular shear flow is studied in a quasi-2d rotating
cylinder. Measurements are carried out near the midpoint along the length of
the surface flowing layer where the flow is steady and non-accelerating.
Streakline photography and image analysis are used to obtain particle
velocities and positions. Different particle sizes and rotational speeds are
considered. We find a sharp transition in the apparent viscosity ()
variation with rms velocity (). In the fluid-like region above the depth
corresponding to the transition point (higher rms velocities) there is a rapid
increase in viscosity with decreasing rms velocity. Below the transition depth
we find for all the different cases studied and the
material approaches an amorphous solid-like state deep in the layer. The
velocity distribution is Maxwellian above the transition point and a Poisson
velocity distribution is obtained deep in the layer. The observed transition
appears to be analogous to a glass transition.Comment: 4 pages, 4 figures, submitted to Phys. Rev. Let
Signatures of electron-boson coupling in half-metallic ferromagnet MnGe: study of electron self-energy obtained from infrared spectroscopy
We report results of our infrared and optical spectroscopy study of a
half-metallic ferromagnet MnGe. This compound is currently being
investigated as a potential injector of spin polarized currents into germanium.
Infrared measurements have been performed over a broad frequency (50 - 50000
cm) and temperature (10 - 300 K) range. From the complex optical
conductivity we extract the electron self-energy
. The calculation of is based on novel
numerical algorithms for solution of systems of non-linear equations. The
obtained self-energy provides a new insight into electron correlations in
MnGe. In particular, it reveals that charge carriers may be coupled to
bosonic modes, possibly of magnetic origin
Evolving Newton's Constant, Extended Gravity Theories and SnIa Data Analysis
If Newton's constant G evolves on cosmological timescales as predicted by
extended gravity theories then Type Ia supernovae (SnIa) can not be treated as
standard candles. The magnitude-redshift datasets however can still be useful.
They can be used to simultaneously fit for both H(z) and G(z) (so that local
G(z) constraints are also satisfied) in the context of appropriate
parametrizations. Here we demonstrate how can this analysis be done by applying
it to the Gold SnIa dataset. We compare the derived effective equation of state
parameter w(z) at best fit with the corresponding result obtained by neglecting
the evolution G(z). We show that even though the results clearly differ from
each other, in both cases the best fit w(z) crosses the phantom divide w=-1. We
then attempt to reconstruct a scalar tensor theory that predicts the derived
best fit forms of H(z) and G(z). Since the best fit G(z) fixes the scalar
tensor potential evolution F(z), there is no ambiguity in the reconstruction
and the potential U(z) can be derived uniquely. The particular reconstructed
scalar tensor theory however, involves a change of sign of the kinetic term
as in the minimally coupled case.Comment: Minor changes. Accepted in Phys. Rev. D. 7 revtex pages, 5 figures.
The mathematica file with the numerical analysis of the paper is available at
http://leandros.physics.uoi.gr/snevol.ht
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